Two weeks is slow but not abnormal, and the fuzz is your actual problem.
You have a supersaturated solution that would rather grow crystals anywhere than on your stick. Every dust speck, scratch and rough edge is a nucleation site competing with the skewer, and the crust across the top is thousands of tiny crystals winning that competition. Once the crust forms it also seals the surface and slows evaporation, which is why growth stalls.
For the next batch: use a more concentrated syrup, closer to 3.5 or 4 parts sugar to 1 part water by volume, fully dissolved at a low boil. Let it cool to lukewarm before lowering the stick in. Cover the jar with a paper towel and a rubber band instead of leaving it open. Use a clean smooth jar. Seed the stick by rolling a damp skewer in dry sugar and letting it dry hard for a few hours first, so it is the most attractive surface in the jar.
With that you should see obvious growth in three or four days and a decent stick in seven to ten.