Both readings exist and it is worth knowing the bad one before you act.
The innocent version is common: someone puts a lock through what they think is their own frame in a crowded rack and catches yours. Happens constantly with two bikes leaning together.
The deliberate version is a known tactic. Immobilise a bike, wait for the owner to return, and see what happens. Some owners cut their own lock and leave in a hurry without re-securing properly; some abandon the bike overnight, which tells the person exactly where an unattended bike will be sitting at 3am. The conversation about your lock beforehand is the detail that makes me lean this way in your case, because it means someone examined your security before it happened.
Either way, the practical steps are the same, and the order matters.