On question 2, there are three separate things and they get blurred together:
Survivorship. The people you are looking at are the ones who stuck with a programme for years. That is the strongest predictor of how they look, far stronger than the split. A worse programme done for six years beats a better one abandoned twice a year, and it is not close.
They train more than you think. Somebody with an "arm day" is usually also hitting arms indirectly on chest day and back day. Direct volume once a week; actual stimulus more often. The split's label describes the emphasis, not the frequency.
Advanced lifters have earned the volume. Twenty hard sets for chest in one session is a genuinely reasonable thing for someone with a decade of training and no job that requires standing up. For most people it is a session that ruins the next three days.
None of that makes body-part splits optimal. It makes them workable for people who have solved the harder problems.